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Triumphant in Iraq, the Bush administration looked across the border to Syria on Monday, accusing it of harboring remnants of Saddam Hussein's government and supporting terrorism. Secretary of State Colin Powell raised the possibility of diplomatic and economic sanctions.

Sharpening the Bush administration's rhetoric, Powell said, "They should review their actions and their behavior, not only with respect to who gets haven in Syria and weapons of mass destruction, but especially the support of terrorist activity."

National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, in a parallel thrust at Damascus, said Syria's support for terrorism and "harboring the remnants of the Iraqi regime" were unacceptable.

But she indicated the administration was not contemplating military action.

Using the same formula the administration has applied to North Korea and its aggressive nuclear weapons program, Rice said at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, "The president has made clear every problem in the Middle East cannot be dealt with the same way."

And Powell signaled President Bashar Assad that the Bush administration still would like to include Syria in the Mideast peacemaking it intends to accelerate between Israel and the Palestinians.

"As we go down the road to peace, we want it to be a comprehensive peace, and ultimately, of course, that would have to include finding a way to settle the outstanding issues with Syria, as well," Powell said at a State Department news conference.

Syria seeks to recover the Golan Heights, a strategic area it lost to Israel in the 1967 Mideast War.

Although it long has been listed by the State Department as a sponsor of terrorism, ever since Richard Nixon's presidency 30 years ago the United States has sought to interest Syria in peacemaking with Israel.

Itamar Rabinovich, who was Israel's chief negotiator with Syria from 1992 to 1995, said, "The United States has been fascinated with the possibility of getting Syria to switch sides and become an ally of the United States."

Under the late President Hafez Assad, Bashar Assad's father, Syria operated on two tracks negotiating with the United States for peace with Israel while hosting the heads of militantly anti-peace groups and supporting Hezbollah, the guerrilla group that has fought a cross-border war with Israel, Rabinovich said.

Now president of Tel Aviv University, Rabinovich said in an interview that the Bush administration was applying diplomatic pressure. "The bottom line is that I don't think the United States plans to go to war with Syria," he said.

Assad met with British and Saudi envoys Monday in Damascus as his government denied charges by U.S. officials that Syria has weapons of mass destruction and is sheltering Iraqi leaders.

Powell noted that Syria had said its border with Iraq was closed. However, he said, "it might mean the main roads are closed but whether or not others are able to get across the border is something that I can't speak to."

"But once they get into Syria and start heading to Damascus I would expect that Syrian authorities would do everything they could not to provide these people safe haven," he said.

Raising the threat of punishment, Powell said, "We will examine possible measures of a diplomatic, economic or other nature as we move forward. ... We'll see how things unfold."

U.S. commanders said volunteers from Syria were among the foreigners helping Iraqis put up resistance against U.S. troops in Baghdad. Navy Capt. Frank Thorp, a Central Command spokesman, said the fighters were often working alone or in small clusters.

Syrian officials denied having chemical weapons and said the United States has yet to prove similar charges against Iraq. They also accused Israel of spreading misinformation about Syria.

"Israel is the only state in the region that has nuclear, chemical and biological weapons," said Syria's deputy U.N. ambassador, Fayssal Mekdad. "We did not give any facilities for Iraqis running away, and this is our position."

At the Pentagon, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said, "We have seen chemical weapons tests in Syria over the past 12, 15 months. And we have intelligence that shows that Syria has allowed Syrians and others to come across the border into Iraq, people armed and people carrying leaflets indicating that they'll be rewarded if they kill Americans and members of the coalition."

But a senior Pentagon official said no evidence has been found that Iraq smuggled chemical weapons into Syria. It's possible, however, that some Iraqi weapons scientists fled there, said the official, speaking on condition of anonymity.

Ephraim Halevy, Israel's national security adviser who was in Washington for talks with administration officials, said Bashar Assad "has been one of our biggest disappointments," acting irresponsibly and supporting terrorism.

And, Halevy said, "Syria has acted as a lifeline to Saddam's Baghdad."

photo credit and caption:

Secretary of State Colin Powell gestures during a press conference with Kuwait Foreign Minister Mohammed Sabah after the two met at the State Department in Washington Monday April 14, 2003. Powell, referring to Syria's alleged harboring of former Iraqi government officials, said "We believe in light of this new environment, they should review their actions and their behavior, not only with respect to who gets haven in Syria and weapons of mass destruction but especially thesupport of terrorist activity." (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert)

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